Which vital sign differences are generally observed in children compared to adults?

In pediatric patients, vital sign norms differ significantly from those of adults due to the physiological differences in children. Generally, children have a higher heart rate compared to adults. This increased heart rate is necessary because, at a lower blood volume and a higher metabolic rate, children need to pump blood more efficiently to ensure adequate perfusion of vital organs.

Additionally, children's blood pressure is typically lower than that of adults. This is partly because their blood vessels are more compliant and their total blood volume is less than that of adults, requiring a lower pressure to maintain adequate circulation. Understanding this contrast in vital signs is critical for the appropriate assessment and management of pediatric patients in trauma situations. This knowledge assists first responders and healthcare providers in recognizing abnormal vital signs that may indicate distress or shock in children, as these signs will differ from those in adults.