What is the required action if a patient shows signs of a tension pneumothorax?

In cases of tension pneumothorax, the accumulated air in the pleural space causes increased pressure that compromises respiratory and cardiovascular function. This can lead to severe complications and even be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. The immediate required action is the decompression of the pleural space, typically performed through a needle thoracostomy.

This procedure involves inserting a large-bore needle into the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line, allowing trapped air to escape and relieving the pressure buildup within the thoracic cavity. By doing so, you can restore normal intrathoracic pressure, improve lung re-expansion, and enhance oxygenation and hemodynamics in the patient.

While transferring the patient to the hospital and applying a chest seal may be part of further treatment, neither of these actions addresses the immediate life-threatening nature of a tension pneumothorax. Observation for further symptoms is not adequate in this situation since the condition requires urgent intervention to prevent deterioration in the patient's condition. Therefore, decompression through needle thoracostomy is the essential step in managing a tension pneumothorax effectively.