What are two common indicators of severe head injury in trauma patients?

The presence of altered mental status and bilateral dilated pupils are significant indicators of severe head injury in trauma patients. Altered mental status can range from confusion and disorientation to complete unresponsiveness, indicating that the brain is not functioning normally, which is often a result of increased intracranial pressure or direct injury. Bilateral dilated pupils suggest possible brainstem compromise or significant intracranial pressure, as the pupils are controlled by cranial nerves that can become affected during severe neurological events.

These two indicators are critical in the assessment of a trauma patient, signaling the need for immediate intervention. The combination of these signs is particularly concerning and warrants urgent medical evaluation and intervention to prevent further neurological damage. Notably, other combinations of symptoms may suggest head injury as well, but the specific pairing of altered mental status with bilateral dilated pupils provides a clearer and more direct implication of severe traumatic brain injury.